Most Mackintosh historians believe that the inspiration occurred wholly and only from Glasgow to Vienna, and not vice versa. Mackintosh and Hoffmann drew on each other’s designs and philosophies, establishing an exchange of ideas and new design ideals between the Scottish Arts and Crafts movement and the Wiener Werkstätte. Both men visited and corresponded with each other, creating not only a professional friendship but also a shared language of design aesthetics. Due to their mutual hatred of this repetitive historicism in art, Hoffmann and Mackintosh explored new ways of creating decorative arts and architecture. Both of these designers rejected the design aesthetics of the Revival and Beaux Arts styles of architecture and decorative arts, which they found to be outdated and moribund. In the twentieth century, two designers stood out as radicals: Josef Hoffmann of Vienna and Charles Rennie Mackintosh of Glasgow. Muir, Elizabeth, “The Two Gentleman of Design: Josef Hoffmann, Charles Rennie Mackintosh, and their Contribution to the Decorative Arts in Fin-de-Siecle Glasgow and Vienna” (2014). This article was first published in 2014 at and is reproduced here by kind permission of the author Elizabeth Muir.
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